Basic Laws

Boyle's Law
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
Charles' Law
The volume is directly proportional to the temperature.

So the pressure increases, the temperature increases too.

In diesel engines, the air is compressed and the pressure and the temperature is increased. When the fuel is sprayed, it is easily burned.The diesel engines are also called compression ignition engines because of this principle.

The water boils at 100 °C at sea level.
The water boils below 100 °C on a high mountain because of high pressure.

Valves

Valves are used to regulate or control the flow (fully open, fully closed or partially open).

Major types are
1. Gate valves
2. Globe valves
3. Ball valves
4. Butterfly valves




Fig 1. Gate Valve







Fig. 2 Globe Vlave



Fig 3. Ball Valve


Fig 4. Butterfly valve

http://www.tlv.com/global/TI/steam-theory/types-of-valves.html

Diesel Engines

Diesel engines are used because they can produce more power. But they also pollute the air more than gasoline engines.
Major systems are

1. Air intake system
2. Fuel system
3. Lubrication system
4. Cooling system
5. Starting system

Gas Turbines

Gas turbines are widely used in these days.

Three main parts in a gas turbine are
1. Compressor
2. Combustor
3. Turbine

The compressor will suck air and increase pressure and temperature of the air.
The combustor is a combustion chamber to burn air and fuel in a gas turbine.
The turbine will get power and rotate the shaft. The rotating shaft will connect a generator to produce electricity in a power plant.